Expansion Joints Vs Couplings: What’s the Difference?
Piping systems can be highly complex, depending on what it transports and the scale of the system. Parts like couplings and expansion joints are used to join different sections of pipes together, with added functions like adding flexibility to the system, preventing leaks, and enhancing flow rate.
While couplings and expansion joints sound similar in that they connect pipes; they carry out distinct functions for the piping system. So, why might you need both for your system, and what does each of them do? Below, we explain the differences between a coupling and an expansion joint.
What is a coupling?
A coupling’s main function is to connect pipes together. It sounds incredibly simple, but there is much more to it. Couplings come in various shapes and configurations that are essential for routing pipes to go where they need to go. As a result, couplings are especially important in spaces where pipes need to go around obstacles, through walls, or in tight spaces.
Additionally, there are many different kinds of couplings that are optimised for different functions. For example, some couplings come in T or Y shapes to connect pipes in a three-way formation. Other couplings, like dry disconnect couplings, may have the ability to close off the flow of substance inside before detaching it to avoid spillage. For systems that need to handle hazardous chemicals, these specialised couplings are all the more necessary.
What is an expansion joint?
An expansion joint is also used between two pipes, but its main function is to absorb movements which may be caused by thermal expansion or contraction, or machinery vibrations. Absorbing these movements is important because too much movement will put stress on the system, making it more susceptible to damage. It also reduces noise, similar to why anti-vibration mounts are used.
An expansion joint can be made of rubber, heavy-duty fabric, or stainless steel and can be constructed in various ways to compensate for different kinds of movement. To achieve its purpose, expansion joints consist of flexible components that allow it to compensate for movements and misalignments in the system.
Conclusion
You will notice that expansion joints and couplings function as connectors between pipes. However, the focus of their function is different, with couplings serving more of a routing and flow control function and expansion joints serving as a movement absorber.
While small-scale piping systems may be able to do without expansion joints, a sound piping system usually requires both couplings and expansion joints. Expansion joints are crucial to the safety and stability of the system, especially for larger, more complex systems that will involve more parts, as well as in systems where temperature and pressure fluctuations will be expected.
Including dry disconnect couplings, breakaway couplings, stainless steel expansion joints, and fabric expansion joints, a wide range of couplings and expansion joints exist on the market today, which may make selecting the right one a challenge. Yet, selecting the right parts is critical for creating a stable, leak-proof system – even more so if the pipes transport hazardous chemicals or are in a high-stress environment.
If you want to learn more about the different types and what would fit your needs best, speak to us! Our experts at Pharmchem Engineering can assess your piping system and offer the most suitable solution for you. We also supply other industrial engineering components like pipe pigging equipment and Teflon hoses to provide a one-stop solution for your industrial needs.
